Digital inclusion in the field of citizen science is closely linked to having the right set of skills for inclusion, knowledge of certain topics or processes, and desirable attitudes. Lack of balance or inequalities in such competencies are among the main reasons for exclusion in some parts of society. Widespread use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as mobile phone applications and low-cost sensor devices in citizen science projects is considered a powerful enabler of collaboration among many. ICT makes it easy to collect, store, share and discuss data and information in a citizen science project. At the same time, the use of new technologies may (unintentionally) exclude societal groups from participation in citizen science projects and create a ‘digital divide’ between those who can, or are willing to, use technology, and those who cannot or do not want to. Enhancement of skills, knowledge, and attitudes of the general public for participation in citizen science initiatives, and competencies of project initiators to engage citizens in such processes are needed to increase inclusion for all. However, it is very difficult to measure change in skills, knowledge, and attitudes when participating in citizen science initiatives. 9