One of the main contributions of these guidelines is unpacking the issue of competencies by identifying skills, knowledge, and attitudes that may be required for the inclusion of citizens in citizen science initiatives and those needed by project initiators to establish and run such initiatives. The current guidelines also provide recommendations on how to systematically think about and enhance these actors’ competencies. The CitiMeasure Digital Inclusion guidelines are primarily developed to guide those who are interested in identifying, understanding, and enhancing capacities and competencies required for digital inclusion of different actors in citizen science projects. This includes cities, organisations, researchers, and practitioners who are involved in initiating a citizen science project, or those who aim to study or improve current actor inclusion practices in existing citizen science initiatives. 4